空间翻滚非合作目标消旋技术发展综述

大量残存太空的空间垃圾对在轨运行航天器的安全构成严重威胁，对其进行主动移除已迫在眉睫。火箭末级、失效卫星等非合作目标已失去姿态调整能力，且长期在失控状态下运行，受太阳光压、重力梯度等摄动力矩及失效前自身残余角动量等因素的影响往往会出现翻滚运动。对翻滚非合作目标直接捕获存在碰撞风险，为降低风险系数采取消旋后再捕获是较为合适的方式。在对火箭末级、失效卫星等典型非合作目标运动形式及消旋过程进行分析的基础上，综述了目前国内外所提出的接触式及非接触式消旋方法，并对非合作目标翻滚运动测量及动力学参数辨识和消旋控制这两项消旋共性关键技术进行了归纳总结。本综述将为中国空间碎片主动清除技术的发展提供有益参考。

Review of detumbling technologies for active removal of uncooperative targets

Ever increasing space debris poses a great threat to the functioning spacecraft on orbit, and there is thus an urgent need for active removal of space debris. Space debris such as upper stage rocket bodies and expired satellites has lost attitude adjustment ability, and drifts freely in an uncontrolled state. Due to the perturbation torque on orbit involving solar pressure, gravitational gradient and the residual angular momentum before failure, tumbling motion of the uncooperative target can appear. Therefore, conducting a detumbling operation of the target before capturing is a suitable choice to minimize collision risk brought by direct contact. Based on analysis of the tumbling motion of the typical uncooperative targets including the upper stage rocket bodies and expired satellites, the detumbling process is introduced, and the proposed contact and non-contact detumbling methods in literature are reviewed. The key technologies including motion estimation and dynamic parameter identification, and detumbling control are analyzed. This study would provide some references for the development of active debris removal technology in China.