燃料电池无人机动力系统方案设计与试验

针对燃料电池为主能源的无人机（UAV）动力系统，设计了纯燃料电池动力系统、燃料电池/蓄电池（简称燃蓄）被/主动混合动力系统3种拓扑结构方案。以空冷质子交换膜燃料电池为例，搭建了燃料电池动力系统方案一体化试验平台。考虑阶梯型和阶跃型2种加载形式，试验研究了燃料电池自身的动态特性和启动特性。以阶梯型功率剖面的加载形式，试验研究了纯燃料电池动力系统放电特性；以无人机典型任务剖面作为加载形式，开展燃蓄被/主动混合动力系统对比试验研究。试验结果表明：纯燃料电池动力方案适用于低机动小型无人机，燃蓄被动混合方案可满足小型无人机大机动飞行，燃蓄主动混合方案系统可适应中大型无人机更长航时飞行。

Design and test of propulsion system for fuel cell powered UAVs

This paper focuses on system for fuel cell powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Three topological schemes of fuel cell power systems are designed as the pure fuel cell power system, the passive hybrid fuel cell/battery power system, and the active hybrid fuel cell/battery power system. With an air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an integrated test platform for fuel cell power systems is established. The dynamic characteristics and startup characteristics of the fuel cell itself are experimentally investigated under stair-power load and pulsed-power load, respectively. With a typical mission profile of UAV, a comparative experimental study on passive and active hybrid fuel cell/battery power systems was carried out. Based on the test results, the characteristics of the three schemes are analyzed including the power flow, the voltage and current variations, the battery state of charge, and the hydrogen consumption. By comparison, the features of the three topological schemes are concluded. The results indicate that the pure fuel cell power system is more suitable for small UAVs with simple maneuver, the passive hybrid fuel cell/battery power system can support more complicated maneuver for small UAVs, the active hybrid fuel cell/battery power system can be applied to long endurance medium or large UAVs.