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Clicks,whistles and pulses: Passive and active signal use in dolphin communication
Institution:1. Wild Dolphin Project, P.O. Box 8468, Jupiter, FL 33468 USA;2. Florida Atlantic University, Department of Biological Sciences, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA;1. Sea Mammal Research Unit, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, U.K.;2. Division of Social Sciences, New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL, U.S.A.;3. The Seas, Epcot, Walt Disney World Resort, Kissimmee, FL, U.S.A.;1. Environmental Studies Department, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA;2. Dolphin Communication Project, Old Mystic, CT 06372-0711, USA
Abstract:The search for signals out of noise is a problem not only with radio signals from the sky but in the study of animal communication. Dolphins use multiple modalities to communicate including body postures, touch, vision, and most elaborately sound. Like SETI radio signal searches, dolphin sound analysis includes the detection, recognition, analysis, and interpretation of signals. Dolphins use both passive listening and active production to communicate. Dolphins use three main types of acoustic signals: frequency modulated whistles (narrowband with harmonics), echolocation (broadband clicks) and burst pulsed sounds (packets of closely spaced broadband clicks). Dolphin sound analysis has focused on frequency-modulated whistles, yet the most commonly used signals are burst-pulsed sounds which, due to their graded and overlapping nature and bimodal inter-click interval (ICI) rates are hard to categorize. We will look at: 1) the mechanism of sound production and categories of sound types, 2) sound analysis techniques and information content, and 3) examples of lessons learned in the study of dolphin acoustics. The goal of this paper is to provide perspective on how animal communication studies might provide insight to both passive and active SETI in the larger context of searching for life signatures.
Keywords:Animal communication  Dolphins  Signals  Information  SETI  Astrobiology
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