美国小行星俘获任务及其启示

小行星俘获(ACR)任务是美国Keck空间研究中心发起的一项深空探测任务。该任务计划选定一颗近地小行星,通过口袋式抓捕系统对其实施抓捕,并于2025年左右将其带回近月空间。文章介绍了ACR任务的内容和系统设计,具体包括:航天器总体构型、抓捕分系统、探测识别分系统和控制与推进分系统;对小行星抓捕的目标探测与识别、旋转匹配、抓捕、消旋、轨道转移等核心操作。基于ACR任务,提出了空间目标俘获技术的需求与应用、抓捕航天器系统设计的启示;基于我国目前的技术研究情况,总结分析了发展空间目标俘获任务所需的关键技术,如大功率柔性太阳翼、长时间大范围轨道机动、目标探测与识别、快速机动、目标抓捕与消旋。

Introduction and Inspiration of American Asteroid Capture and Return Mission

ACR （Asteroid Capture and Return） is one of the missions of deep space exploration, developed by the Keck Institute for Space Studies （KISS）. This mission centers on a NEA （near Earth asteroid） ,captures the NEA with bag-capturing system, and returns the NEA to cislunar space by the time of 2025. This paper introduces the mission and system design of ACR mission, inclu- ding the structure and system of spacecraft, capture subsystem, detecting subsystem, control and pro- pulsion subsystem. The key operation processes containing detecting, rotation matching, capture, de-spinning and orbital maneuver are also detailed in this paper. The requirements and applications of space object capture and return technology, the system design technology of capture spacecraft and other key technologies for developing Chinese space object capturing system, including high energy ultra-flex solar power technology, long-time and wide-range orbit maneuver technology, object detecting techno- logy, and capture and de-spinning technology are presented based on the inspiration of ACR mission.