The menagerie of geospace plasma waves |
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Authors: | Stanley D Shawhan |
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Institution: | (1) Office of Space Science and Applications, NASA Headquarters Code EES, 20546 Washington DC, USA |
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Abstract: | Sounding rockets and satellites have discovered a large variety of plasma waves within the Earth's magnetosphere—geospace.
These waves are found over a frequency range of millihertz to megahertz. The frequency ranges are generally associated with
characteristic frequencies such as the plasma frequency and gyrofrequency. Most waves are generated by hot or streaming magnetospheric
plasma; some waves are due to lightning discharges, to intentional man-made transmitters or to incidental radiation from power
transmission systems. Propagation of waves from the observation region back to a probable source region can be modelled using
ray tracing techniques in a model magnetosphere where the electron number density, ion composition and magnetic field vector
is specified. Information in addition to the common amplitude-frequency-time spectrograms can be obtained from the received
waves using multiple antennas and receivers. Cross-correlation of the wave electric and magnetic components can provide information
on the wave polarization and direction of propagation and on the wave distribution function. |
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