任务复杂度对自动化意识的影响

现代飞机驾驶舱的高度自动化容易导致飞行员对自动化的自满和依赖,进而降低飞行员的自动化意识。自动化意识失效是飞机事故征候和事故的主要影响因素之一。通过研究任务复杂度对自动化意识的影响以及自动化意识失效的原因后发现,高复杂度任务下的自动化意识失效概率显著高于低复杂度任务,对自动化的注意力分配不足和自动化自满是高复杂度任务下自动化意识失效的两个主要原因。研究表明,在高负荷阶段,如果自动化失效,人难以在短期内发现自动化失效和作出有效响应。因此,增强自动化意识是维持航空安全的重要保障。

Effect of task complexity on automation awareness

High automation in modern cockpits easily leads to pilots' automation complacency and reliance and then impairs pilots' automation awareness. Failure of automation awareness is one of the major factors influencing aviation incidents and accidents. By investigating the effect of task complexity on automation awareness and the causes of failure of automation awareness, it shows that the possibility of failure of automation awareness in the high-complexity task is higher than that in the low-complexity task and that insufficient attention allocation and automation complacency are two major factors contributing to the failure of automation awareness. It implies that it is hard for human being to detect automation failures and make effective operations when automation fails under high-workload conditions. Consequently,enhancing automation awareness is important for maintaining aviation safety.