隧道空气动力学实车试验研究

为了指导既有线200km/h提速技术改造,为第六次大提速的顺利实施提供经验.2005年5月至6月在遂渝线的太和至北碚北路段进行了200km/h提速综合试验,隧道空气动力学是其中的重要测试内容之一.利用地面和车载测试系统,对列车车体表面、车厢内部、隧道壁面空气压力变化、隧道内列车风、隧道口微气压波和隧道壁面振动加速度等参数进行测试.测试结果表明:测点压力变化幅值与列车运行速度的1.7～2.4次方成正比,具体取值与车型和测点位置有关;隧道内列车风风速与列车运行速度成线性关系;隧道口微气压波幅值近似与列车运行速度的三次方成正比、与测点距隧道口距离成反比.列车以200km/h速度过隧道时,车厢内3s最大压力变化幅值为1875Pa,车厢内43%的人有明显耳痛感,显然英国标准(3000Pa/3s)过于宽松;200km/h速度下引起的列车风风速为14.8m/s,超过了人体安全风速值(14m/s),建议列车运行期间,不进行隧道作业.

Experimental study of full-scale train on aerodynamics in tunnel

In order to provide guidance and experience for the sixth raising of speed in railway system, the comprehensive test of Chongqing-Suining at the speed of 200km/h was carried out in May to June 2005, and the aerodynamics in tunnel was one main part of the test contents. Using the ground and vehicular test systems, many parameters such as pressure change, wind caused by train, micro-pressure wave and vibration acceleration of the wall of tunnel were tested. The results show that pressure change is proportional to 1.7 - 2.4 power of the speed of train and the specific value is decided by the shape of trains and the location of measured points ; wind speed caused by train is proportional to the speed of train; micro-pressure wave is proportional to the cube of the speed of train and inverse proportional to the distance between the measured point and the port of tunnel. When the high-speed train enters the tunnel at the speed of 200km/h, the pressure change per three second in cab is 1875Pa and 43% people have the obvious sense of otalgia, apparently, the British criterion, 3000Pa/3s, is not suitable, and wind speed caused by train is 14.8m/s that exceeds the criterion, 14m/s, thus, it is suggested that workers should not work during a train passing by.