密封材料空间环境失效分析

对空间环境造成载人航天器密封材料的各种失效机理进行了分析。材料低温脆化，高温时表面脆化；真空时材料内挥发成份的溢出，使材料渗透性增大；辐照使密封件失去弹性：这些是空间环境中温度、真空和辐照使密封失效的主要原因。真空条件下，密封件挥发成份中的可凝物在光学元件表面的凝聚从而破坏表面光学特性，是密封设计中一个值得重视的现象。

ANALYSIS OF SEAL FAILURE IN SPACE ENVIRONMENT

The failure in space environment of seal materials used in manned spacecraft has been analysed.Such effects as fragility increase of the sealant in low temperature and the surface of seal material in high temperature,permeability increase of seal material in vacuum environment and elasticity loss due to radiation are the main cause of failure in space environment.The contamination of the surface such as window glass from conden sable material out of seal material in vacuum environment is another important phenomenon which must be considered in seal design.