基于航材库存成本的民机LRU划分层级研究

民用飞机航线可更换单元是航空器维修保障的基本单元，其划分方式直接影响着航材的库存成本及航班保障率。首先明确了LRU划分的三个层级，分别为航线可更换单元(line replaceable unit,简称LRU)、航线可维修件(line maintenance part,简称LMP)、厂家可更换单元(shop replaceable unit,简称SRU)。然后通过对航材库存成本组成要素的研究，明确了库存成本主要包含订货成本、持有成本、缺货成本和送修成本四个因素，并在持有成本中确定了仓储成本与航材价格、数量和种类成正相关，进而提出了LRU划分因子，并建立了在确保航材保障率达标的前提下，航材库存成本最低为目标函数，确定最优的LRU划分层级模型。以某航空公司的实际运营数据为例，确定了某液压系统压力模组件的LRU划分层级。最后，从航材库存成本的角度，随着LRU划分层级的降低，将会使得航材种类和数量大幅增加，从而提升航司管理成本。

Line replaceable unit division of civil aircraft based on aviation spare part inventory cost

Aviation line replaceable unit ( LRU) is an essential support unit of aircraft maintenance. Firstly, the LRU could be divided to three levels, line replaceable unit ( LRU) , line maintenance part ( LMP) , shop replaceable unit ( SRU). Then, based on the research of the factors of the aviation material inventory costs, the aviation material inventory costs include ordering costs, holding costs, shortage costs and repairing costs. The storage costs include in the holding costs, which have the positive related to the price, quantity and type of the aviation material. Thus, the LRU division factor have been proposed, the optimal LRU hierarchical model was established, based on ensuring the guarantee rate of aviation material and minimized the inventory costs. Taking the actual operation data of an airline as an example, the LRU division level of one hydraulic system pressure module assembly was determined. Finally, because the classification and quantity of aviation material increase, the airlines management costs will be increased by decreasing the LRU division level from the point view of aviation inventory costs.