推进剂用铝粉与水反应特性研究

用高压反应釜实时监测系统原位研究了铝/水反应的放热过程,提取了反应过程中3个特征温度(反应放热起始温度,反应速率最大温度,反应基本结束温度)和反应特征参数(反应放热起始温度点,反应速度,反应放热量),从而建立关于铝/水体系应用于固体推进剂的评价体系。同时,还探究了铝粉粒径、铝/水原料摩尔配比及加热功率对铝/水反应特性的影响规律。结果表明,在30～250℃温度区间内,纳米铝/水体系较微米铝/水体系性能更好,当铝粉粒径大于13μm时,没有明显放热;高功率加热条件有助于激发纳米铝迅速处于高活性状态,降低了反应放热起始温度,并高效释能;纳米铝/水的最佳原料摩尔配比区间为1∶2,1∶2.2]。

Study on reaction characteristic of aluminum powder with water applied to propellant

High pressure reactor controlled by computer system was used to monitor the whole process of aluminum and water exothermic reaction by in-situ method.Specifically,three characteristic temperature points(initial exothermic starting temperature of the reaction,reaction maximum rate temperature,reaction end temperature) and three significant evaluation parameters(initial exothermic starting temperature of the reaction,reaction rate,reaction heat release) in the reaction process were extracted.Thus,an evaluation system for aluminum and water fuel applied to solid propellant was established.In addition,the effects of aluminum particle size,mole ratio of reactants and heating power on the reaction characteristic of aluminum and water were studied.The results show that the advantage of nano-aluminum and water system is obvious in the temperature interval of 30 ℃ to 250 ℃.There is hardly any heat release when the particle size of aluminum powder is larger than 13 μm.High-power heating condition is conductive to stimulate nano-aluminum stay in the highly active stage in a short time,decreased the initial exothermic starting temperature of the reaction and released energy efficiently.In addition,it is found that the best mole ratio interval of reactants in nAl/H2O reaction system is between 1∶2 and 1∶2.2.