天文-惯性组合式导航系统及星体跟踪器研制

 纯惯性导航或多普勒导航的一个共同缺点是:一般都具有随时问或距离增长的位置误差,这就需要有一个外基准系统。为了满足现代飞行器导航所要求的高精度和可靠性,组合式导航已成为近代导航系统发展的一种趋势。文中提供的天文-惯性组合系统,在物理意义上是一种较为合理的和比较精确的组合形式,在现代各类飞行器上有着重要的特珠用途。天文导航中的星体跟踪器是这种组合形式获得量测信息的主要设备。本文总结了国内第一台自行设计的自动星体跟踪器的研究设计方法和解决主要技术关键的措施,列出了有关公式。试验结果证明设计是合理的,达到了夜间地面能跟踪二等以上星体,白昼一定亮度背景条件下能跟踪亮星的预定性能指标。

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ASTRO-INERTIAL HYBRID NAVIGATION SYSTEM AND A STAR TRACKER

A simple inertial or Doppler navigation has a common defect that position errors are always increasing with flight time or distance, therefore an external reference system is necessary. In order to meet the needs of high accuracy and reliability for modern vehicle navigation, modern navigation sys- tems show a tendency to be a hybrid type. This paper presents an astro-inertial hybrid navigation system, which is physically more rational and accuracy and comes into particular use in various modern vehicles. A star tracker in astronavigation is an essential facility to obtain the measurement information of the hybrid system. This paper summarized the procedure in research and development of an automatic star tracker designed by authors and the measures to solve the principal technical key problems, and also presents all related formulae. Experimental results have proved that our design is reasonable and has attained the expected characteristics, according to which the designed star tracker on the ground is capable of tracking stars up to brightness of second class at night and the brightest stars under the background of certain brightness in daytime.