新型大尺度空间微波功率发射阵列的考虑

以空间太阳能电站为应用代表的微波功率传输系统中，微波功率发射阵列是其中的核心组成部分。为保证特定传输距离限制下的波束收集效率，目前国际上多种空间太阳能电站方案中收发天线口径都达到了km级以上。在空间构建大尺度的微波功率发射有源相控阵，面临的主要问题有：发射阵列电性能的高要求、发射阵列折叠状态的总体积限制、大功率发射阵列的热控问题。针对这些问题，文章提出了新型大尺度空间微波功率发射阵列的一些研究及设计考虑，主要包括大尺度阵列同源分发倍频的频率分配方案；高效率高集成功率发射组件技术；大尺度阵列相位同步与误差自校正技术；低剖面天线结构及型面误差补偿技术；大型天线3D打印在轨建造方案设想以及空间微波功率发射阵列热控新思路等。文章提出了新型大尺度空间微波功率发射阵列3个方面的6个主要问题，可为空间太阳能电站系统提供可优化、开放性的设计与发展思路。

Considerations of the novel large-scale space microwave power transmitting array

Microwave power transmitting array is the core component in microwave power transmission (MPT) system especially in the MPT system for space solar power station (SSPS). To ensure high beam collecting efficiency at long transmission distance, the sizes of transmitting and rectenna arrays in current SSPS schemes in the world have reached above kilometers level. To construct large-scale microwave power transmitting array in space, the main problems are as follows: the high requirements of electrical performance of transmitting array, the total volume limitation of transmitting array in folding state, and the thermal management of high-power transmitting array. To solve these problems, some research and design considerations of the novel large-scale space microwave power transmitting array are proposed in this paper, including frequency allocation scheme of large scale array with single low frequency source distribution and frequency multiplication technologies; high efficiency and highly integrated microwave power transmitting module technology; large-scale array phase synchronization and error self-correction technology; low-profile antenna structure and panel position error compensation technologies; the in-orbit 3D printing construction scheme of large-scale antenna in orbit and the new method of thermal control for space microwave power transmitting array. This paper proposes six main issues in three aspects of the novel large-scale space microwave power transmitting array, which can provide optimized and open design and development ideas for SSPS systems.