乘波飞行器气动力、热特性的数值模拟研究

采用多块分区网格以及并行计算技术对给定乘波构形的高超声速飞行器进行了数值模拟,分析了飞行器前缘小半径钝化对飞行器气动性能的影响,计算了前缘钝化后飞行器表面的热流分布状况。结果表明,前缘钝化对飞行器的升力影响不大,对阻力和升阻比的影响较大。对于曲率半径为1cm的钝化前缘,与原尖前缘飞行器相比,其升力降低了0.78%,阻力增加6.96%,升阻比下降7.21%。前缘钝化后,乘波飞行器仍具有较好的气动性能,飞行器前机身可为发动机提供比较均匀的气流,飞行器整体仍基本保持了乘波的状态,热流主要集中在飞行器前缘上。为了有效防热,需要采用主动式冷却技术。

A Numerical Study on Aerothermodynamic Performances of a Waverider Based Vehicle

Numerical simulations were performed on a waverider based vehicle using multi-block grids and parallel computing technique.The effects of blunted leading edge with small radius upon the vehicle aerodynamics were studied,and thermal flux distribution on the vehicle surface was computed.The numerical results indicate that the blunted leading edge has limited effect on the lift of the vehicle,but has great influences on the drag and lift-drag ratio.It is found that,for a blunted leading edge with a radius of curvature of 1cm,the drop in lifting force is less than 1%,while the increase in drag and the reduction of lift-drag ratio are found to be 6.96% and 7.21%,respectively,as compared to the original vehicle with sharp leading edge.The vehicle is capable of maintaining the nice aerodynamic performances after the leading edge is blunted,the forebody can still provide uniform inlet flow for the engine,and the whole airframe inherits the waverider characteristics constantly.The peak of the heat flux appears at the leading edge,and an active cooling system will be required to handle the aeroheating.