分布式卫星轨道构形的大气摄动分析及修正方法

在低轨道运行的分布式卫星受大气摄动的影响,其轨道构形很快遭到破坏,环绕卫星的相对运动轨迹中心不断发生漂移。本研究的目的在于建立一种降低大气摄动对分布式卫星轨道构形影响的补偿方法,以使分布式卫星的轨道构形能够更好地自然维持。研究基于考虑高度变化和太阳周日变化的大气密度模型,得出分布式卫星不同初始相位环绕卫星的长半轴摄动方程。并提出一种补偿大气摄动影响的长半轴修正方法。仿真结果显示,采用此大气摄动补偿方法能够在给定时间内大大降低大气摄动的影响,从而显著提高分布式卫星轨道构形的自然维持能力。

Analysis of Atmospheric Perturbation to Distributed Satellites Orbit Configuration and Its Modified Method

Distributed satellites (DS) moving in low earth orbit is suffered from the influence of atmospheric perturbation, and the orbit configuration of the DS is destroyed soon. The center of the relative orbit of the circling satellite is drifting continuously. This study was conducted to establish a compensatory approach to reduce the influence of atmospheric perturbation on the orbit configuration of the DS. Thus, the orbit configuration can be maintained naturally better. In the study, based on the atmospheric density model considering the effect of altitude change and diurnal variation of solar radiation, the semi-major axis perturbation equation of circling satellite with different initial phase in the DS is deduced. A semi-major axis modified method is presented to compensate the influence of atmospheric perturbation. It is shown from the simulation that the influence of the atmospheric perturbation can be decreased greatly in a given time period using this modified method, and the capability of maintaining the orbit configuration naturally can be improved distinctly.