Stimulation of VLF amplification in the magnetosphere

Among the various plasma instabilities that exert influence on the dynamic equilibrium state of the magnetosphere, the cyclotron-resonance interaction appears to be the most accessible to artificial stimulation. The strength of the interaction is sensitive to both the background magnetoplasma parameters and the hot energetic particle distribution. Thus, proper modification of one or more conditions can induce significant wave amplification at the expense of hot plasma energy density. Several methods of hot and cold plasma injection have been investigated with the linear theory to assess their effectiveness as a means of stimulating amplification.Only the interaction of VLF waves (3–30 kHz) with hot electrons (0.1–100 keV) is treated here. The injection of a dense jet of barium that travels upward along the geomagnetic field causes appreciable amplification when the jet is within 30° of the geomagnetic equator. Injection of a geosynchronous lithium cloud stimulates amplification of both VLF and ULF waves, but the magnitude depends critically on the state of geomagnetic activity. Conventional hot electron beams may also amplify narrow frequency bands, but the net wave energy is severely limited by the beam energy.Although the cyclotron-resonance is recognized as a dominant interaction in magnetospheric dynamics, its properties have never been confirmed quantitatively by appropriate spacecraft experiments. Controlled injections would provide important insight into this fundamental process because the induced amplification has a well-defined signature.