面向大型承载结构强度性能的试验系统高精度装配调控方法

以直径0.6 m开口筒壳为例，分析了装配误差对仿真结果产生的影响，表明高精度量化试验系统装配方法研究的必要性。传统装配方法采用直尺等机械工具开展试验系统装配，导致实际装配误差较大且难以精准定量。因此提出一种试验系统装配误差精准测量与调控方法，该方法通过测量标识点获取装配件实际位置，并计算实际与理论位置的装配误差，结合机械推动以及位移测量等设备实现位置精确调控。为验证方法的可行性与精度，基于自研的强度试验高精度装配软件，分别开展了直径0.6 m和1.6 m圆柱筒壳装配调控试验。相比传统方法，最大位移误差从15.00 mm降至0.75 mm，最大角度误差从0.93°降至0.04°，数值分析承载力误差从1.67%降到了0.04%，降低了装配误差对承载力的影响，提高了试验系统装配精度。

High Precision Assembly Control Method of Test System for Strength Performance of Large Bearing Structures

In this paper, the influence of relative displacement error and angle error on the simulation results is analyzed by the 0.6 m open shell, which is used to demonstrate the necessity of studying the assembly method of high precision quantitative test system.The traditional assembly method uses simple tools such as ruler to carry out test system assembly, which makes the actual assembly error difficult to be accurate and impossible to be quantitative. Therefore, this paper proposes an accurate measurement and control method for assembly errors of the test system, which mainly includes obtaining the actual position of the assembly parts by measuring the designed identification points, and calculating the assembly errors between the actual and theoretical positions.Precise position control is realized by combining mechanical push and displacement measuring devices. To verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method, based on the self-developed high-precision assembly software of strength test, the assembly control tests of 0.6 m and 1.6 m cylindrical shells were carried out respectively. Compared with the traditional method, the maximum displacement error is reduced from 15.00 mm to 0.75 mm, and the maximum angle error is reduced from 0.93° to 0.04°. In addition, the numerical analysis of bearing capacity error is reduced from 1.67% to 0.04%.The impact of assembly error on the bearing capacity is reduced and the assemblyprecision of test system is improved.