载人航天器主动热控系统热负荷布局优化

针对典型的含有低温内回路、中温内回路和外回路的载人航天器主动热控单相流体回路系统，研究了给定温度的热负荷布置在低温或中温内回路对系统总质量的影响，给出了根据热负荷温度和功率进行布置的原则。根据系统质量的数学模型和能量平衡关系，采用Lagrange乘子法对热控系统进行了轻量化建模和求解。结果表明，存在一个热负荷的临界温度使两种布置方案系统的总质量相等：热负荷温度低于该临界温度时，布置在低温内回路可使系统总质量更小，反之应当布置在中温内回路。热负荷布置在低温内回路还是中温内回路需要根据其温度和功率来选择。最后,对热负荷布置原则从换热温差分配的角度进行了定性上的分析。

Optimization on Heat Load Arrangement for Active Thermal Control System of Manned Spacecraft

The arrangement of a heat load with certain temperature in the single-phase active thermal control system that has a low-temperature inner loop, a middle-temperature inner loop and an external loop is discussed, and the arrangement principle is proposed. The total system mass is investigated with Lagrange multiplier method based on the mathematical model of system mass and energy balance relationship. The result shows that there exists a critical heat load temperature at which the total system masses are equal. When the heat load temperature is lower than the critical value the system has lower total mass with the heat load arranged in the low-temperature internal loop. On the contrary, the system has lower total mass with the heat load arranged in middle-temperature internal loop. The heat load arrangement depends on its temperature and power. Finally, the arrangement principle is discussed qualitatively based on the arrangement of temperature difference.