高能点火药点燃性能的研究

以 Co₂ 激光为能源对 Al+KClO₄ 高能点火药的点火特性进行了研究。结果表明:Al和KClO₄ 的质量比各为 50 %时,点火延迟时间最小。点火药中掺入少量硫粉能大大减少点火延迟时间。点火延迟时间随点火药的初温的升高而减小。点火延迟时间随点火热流密度的增大而减小。存在一个最小点火热流密度,小于此值点火药将不能被点着。在实验观察和理论分析的基础上,提出一个Al+KClO₄ 高能点火药的点火模型,并对由此模型而导出的控制方程进行了数值求解,计算结果与实验值相符。 

RESEARCH ON IGNITION CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-ENERGY IGNITERS

The experimental research on the ignition characteristics of aluminum-potassium perchlorate ignition charge were carried out with CO 2 laser as heat source.The effects of the weight percentage of aluminum in the ignition charge,the radiation intensity,the additive of sulphur powder and the initial temperature of the test sample on ignition delay were investigated experimentally.The expperimental results show that under the conditions of a fixed radiant heat flux,the ignition delay is the shortest,as the weight ratio of alumiinum to potassium perchlorate approaches 50%.The ignition delay decreases sharply by adding 2%(weight)of sulphur into the ignition charge.The ignition delay decreases as the radiant heat flux and the initial temperature increase.There seems to exist a minimum of the radiant heat flux in the case of a fixed weight percentage of aluminum and a given initial temperature.It is impossible to ignite the sample successfully if the heat flux is inferior the minimum.The external energy for ignition is the smallest at the optimal heat flux.An ignition model for aluminum-potassium perchlorate ignition charge is established on the basis of experimental observiations and theoretical analyses.The heterogeneous reaction is regarded as the most important process in the model.The governing equations of the model can be solved numerically.The analytical results correspond to the experimental data satisfactorily.