Lunar and Planetary Robotic Exploration Missions in the 20th Century |
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Authors: | Huntress WT Moroz VI Shevalev IL |
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Institution: | (1) Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, USA;(2) Institute of Space Research of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia;(3) Lavochkin Association, Khimki, Moscow Region, Russia |
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Abstract: | The prospect of traveling to the planets was science fiction at the beginning of the 20th Century and science fact at its
end. The space age was born of the Cold War in the 1950s and throughout most of the remainder of the century it provided not
just an adventure in the exploration of space but a suspenseful drama as the US and USSR competed to be first and best. It
is a tale of patience to overcome obstacles, courage to try the previously impossible and persistence to overcome failure,
a tale of both fantastic accomplishment and debilitating loss. We briefly describe the history of robotic lunar and planetary
exploration in the 20th Century, the missions attempted, their goals and their fate. We describe how this enterprise developed
and evolved step by step from a politically driven competition to intense scientific investigations and international cooperation.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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