政府主导型私营企业劳资关系研究——基于农民工二重性的视角

农民工二重性的实质是农村和农民贫困的变相表现形式,是由“前市场差异”等制度性和结构性原因造成的。农村和农民的贫困,放大了工资收入对家庭的边际效应,降低了农民工对低工资的敏感度,提高了农民工对超时工作和恶劣劳动条件的忍耐力;当前直接经济收入和未来预期收入的替代效应,为雇主的低工资和低福利状态在农民工心里预留了空间;打工收入和农业收入之间的替代互补效应缓解了农民工与雇主的直接冲突;无长期定居城市的预期降低了农民工参与建立长期稳定和谐劳资关系制度的激励;“勤俭持家”的行为准则使农民工更关注提高自己的生产性努力和减少消费性支出,而不是争取分配性收入的增加;“安分守己”、“自私自利”、“等级观念”等降低了农民工通过正式制度和集体行动维护自己权益的意愿。农民工的二重性从总体上缓解了私营企业劳资关系的浅层矛盾,掩盖了深层矛盾。农民工的二重性是制度性和结构性原因造成的,短期内难以依靠农民工个人和集体的力量获得实质的改善。农民工的二重性为我们建立和谐劳资关系预留了一定的时间和空间,但这种时间和空间是有限的。政府的直接干预,是保证私营企业劳资关系和谐运行的前提条件。建立政府主导型的私营企业劳资关系,在中国有其存在的合理性和必要性。

Research on Duality of Migrant Worker

The migrant workers have obvious duality on the aspects of working motive,economic income,settle-down goal and social consciousness. The substance of this duality is a disguised manifestation of the poverty of the countryside and the farmer,which is created by institutional and constitutive reasons such as "pre-market difference".The duality affects labor relations of the private enterprise in many aspects: The farmer's poverty enlarged the margin effect of wage to the family income;reduced the migrant workers' sensitivity to low wages;enhanced their tolerance to the overtime work and bad working condition.The substitution effect between current direct income and the future anticipated income,has reserved the space for low wages and welfare conditions provided to the migrant workers;The supplementary effect between the working income and the agricultural income alleviated direct conflict between the migrant workers and employers;The scarcity of will of Settle-down in city reduced the stimulation to migrant worker to participate in the establishment of long-term stable and harmonious labor relationship;"diligence and frugality in household management" the behavior criterion caused the farmer to pay more attention to enhance his own productiveness and reduce consumption,but seldom strives for the distributive income increase;The values such as "Knew one's place","selfish" "the sense of hierarchy" reduced the willing of migrant worker to maintain his rights and interests through the formal institution and the collective action.Migrant worker's duality has reserved certain time and space to establish the harmonious labor relationships,whereas limited.Government's direct intervention is a guarantee of harmonious private enterprise labor management relation movement;there exists the rationality and the necessity of government-sponsored labor relationship of private enterprise in China.