Physics of Solar Prominences: I—Spectral Diagnostics and Non-LTE Modelling |
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Authors: | N Labrosse P Heinzel J-C Vial T Kucera S Parenti S Gunár B Schmieder G Kilper |
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Institution: | (1) Homer, IL, USA; |
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Abstract: | This review paper outlines background information and covers recent advances made via the analysis of spectra and images of
prominence plasma and the increased sophistication of non-LTE (i.e. when there is a departure from Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium) radiative transfer models. We first describe the spectral
inversion techniques that have been used to infer the plasma parameters important for the general properties of the prominence
plasma in both its cool core and the hotter prominence-corona transition region. We also review studies devoted to the observation
of bulk motions of the prominence plasma and to the determination of prominence mass. However, a simple inversion of spectroscopic
data usually fails when the lines become optically thick at certain wavelengths. Therefore, complex non-LTE models become
necessary. We thus present the basics of non-LTE radiative transfer theory and the associated multi-level radiative transfer
problems. The main results of one- and two-dimensional models of the prominences and their fine-structures are presented.
We then discuss the energy balance in various prominence models. Finally, we outline the outstanding observational and theoretical
questions, and the directions for future progress in our understanding of solar prominences. |
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