航天器在轨泄漏声发射信号特征分析

载人航天器的防护要求不断增强, 在轨泄漏检测的重要性日益凸现。文章阐述了航天器在轨泄漏声发射检测的基本原理, 介绍了泄漏检测系统的基本组成及性能参数。通过泄漏声发射检测实验, 利用频谱分析法和特征参数分析法对不同孔径圆形漏孔泄漏产生的声发射信号进行研究, 得到了泄漏声发射信号的频谱和特征参数。实验结果表明, 机械泵运行产生的背景噪声信号主要分布在10 kHz以下, 而气体泄漏产生的是高频声发射信号, 且漏孔越小, 信号能量越小, 高频成分所占比例越大。该研究对于航天器在轨泄漏的检测及泄漏量评估等具有实际意义。

Analysis of characteristics of acoustic emission signals from the leak in the spacecraft in orbit

The in-orbit leak detection is an important issue for the manned spacecraft cabin．This paper analyzes the method of in-orbit leak acoustic emission and the basic parameters, including the composition and performance of the leak testing system. The characteristics of the acoustic signals from different-aperture leakage sources are obtained based on the spectral analysis, along with the characteristic-analysis by gas leak detection experiments. The experiment results show that the signal from the operating vacuum pump is mainly below 10 kHz; a number of high-frequency acoustic signals are from the leak; the leak acoustic signal parameters are closely related to the leakage aperture. The analysis on the characteristics of acoustic emission signals is of practical significance for the evaluation of the leak detection and the leakage rate in the spacecraft in orbit.