国外低轨物联网星座系统发展分析

随着地面移动通信系统的建设发展和移动互联网业务的爆发式增长，多样化的移动通信需求和应用场景不断涌现，传统的“人与人”之间的通信正在扩展向“人与物”、“物与物”的通信。物联网（internet of things,IoT）技术近年飞速发展，并已投入广泛建设和应用。卫星因其广域覆盖和抗毁性，比较适应于大区域数据采集和物联业务。近年来随着卫星通信技术能力的提升和产业链条的优化，商业航天蓬勃发展，天地一体成为趋势。天基物联网、天地融合物联网成为新的关注点。国际上近年来涌现出数十个天基物联网系统，部分已投入工程建设和应用，已在天基物联网的系统架构和体制设计上取得进展。针对卫星物联网技术发展和建设应用开展调研，对Orbcomm、Kepler、SpaceMobile、ELO等低轨星座物联网系统的建设规划、能力定位、系统架构、星座方案、通信技术、频率资源、市场应用等方面进行了全面分析，并对天基物联网星座系统的发展趋势和关键问题进行总结。

Analysis on the development of LEO IoT constellation systems

With the construction and development of terrestrial mobile communication systems and the explosive growth of mobile Internet services, diversified mobile communication needs and application scenarios continue to emerge. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has developed rapidly in recent years, and has been widely constructed and applied. Satellites are more suitable for large-area data collection and IoT services because of their wide-area coverage and invulnerability. In recent years, with the improvement of satellite communication technology capabilities and the optimization of the industrial chain, commercial aerospace has flourished, and the integration of space and terrestrial networks has become a trend. In recent years, dozens of space-based IoT systems have emerged in the world, some of which have been put into engineering construction and application, and progress has been made in the system architecture and system design of the space-based IoT. This paper conducts research on the development and construction application of satellite Internet of Things technology. The construction planning, capability positioning, system architecture, constellation strategy, communication technology, frequency resources, market application of Orbcomm, Kepler, SpaceMobile, ELO and other low-orbit constellation IoT systems were comprehensively analyzed, and the development trend and important issues of the space-based IoT constellation system were summarized.