人体空气动力学问题

本文首次提出了人体空气动力学的基本概念、研究内容、方法和当前存在的主要问题。阐述了高速气流吹袭对人体造成的影响,分析了人体各部分的气动特性,给出了人体上肢、小腿及头颈部的阻力系数曲线,认为人体四肢和头颈部在高速气流吹袭下产生的相对于人椅系统甩打运动,将对人体的安全弹射造成严重威胁,是飞行员安全弹射的主要障碍。本文还对目前国内外所研究的高速气流防护装置按其防护原理进行了分类,并评价了他们的防护能力。本文介绍了国内外的主要研究成果,并对其中人椅系统的速压计算问题作了较为详细的阐述,介绍了作用在人椅系统上的速压修正的半经验公式。此公式不仅适用于计算像人椅系统那样的大钝体,而且也适用于计算其它大钝体在任意 M 数范围内的阻力系数。最后,文中对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议。

THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN AERODYNAMICS

Basic concept investigative content and methods,andexistent important problems on human aerodynamics are presentedhere for the first time,the effects of windblast on human body areexpounded,and the aerodynamic characteristics of different parts ofhuman body are analysized.This paper introduces the drag coefficientsof upper limb shank and head as functions of Maeh number and it isconsidered that the flail motion of extremity and head subjected towindblast against seat-man system is a serious threat and major obstr-uction for pilot safety ejection.In this paper windblast protectiveequipments presently studied at home and abroad are classified on the hasis of protective principle,and their protective capabilities are evaluated.Major achievements of relevant scientific research at home and abroad areintroduced,particulary the calculation of dynamic pressure on seat-mansystem are expounded in detail,and the semi-empirial expression of cor-rection coefficient of dynamic pressure on seat-man system is presented.The expression is not only applicable for calculating drag coefficients ofbig blunt body like seat-man system within arbitrary Mach number range,but also for other big blunt body as well.At last,some suggestions wereadvanced for future studies.