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Large-Scale Structure and Dynamics of the Magnetotails of Mercury,Earth, Jupiter and Saturn |
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| Authors: | C. M. Jackman C. S. Arridge N. André F. Bagenal J. Birn M. P. Freeman X. Jia A. Kidder S. E. Milan A. Radioti J. A. Slavin M. F. Vogt M. Volwerk A. P. Walsh |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK 2. Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck, London, WC1E 6BT, UK 3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK 4. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, RH5 6NT, UK 5. Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France 6. CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Toulouse, France 7. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA 8. Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, USA 9. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA 10. British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Road, High Cross, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK 11. Dept. of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA 12. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 13. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK 14. Laboratoire de Physique Atmospherique et Planetaire, Institut d’Astrophysique et de Geophysique, Universite de Liege, Liege, Belgium 15. Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, USA 16. Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria 17. ESTEC, ESA, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ, Noordwiik ZH, The Netherlands |
| Abstract: | Spacecraft observations have established that all known planets with an internal magnetic field, as part of their interaction with the solar wind, possess well-developed magnetic tails, stretching vast distances on the nightside of the planets. In this review paper we focus on the magnetotails of Mercury, Earth, Jupiter and Saturn, four planets which possess well-developed tails and which have been visited by several spacecraft over the years. The fundamental physical processes of reconnection, convection, and charged particle acceleration are common to the magnetic tails of Mercury, Earth, Jupiter and Saturn. The great differences in solar wind conditions, planetary rotation rates, internal plasma sources, ionospheric properties, and physical dimensions from Mercury’s small magnetosphere to the giant magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn provide an outstanding opportunity to extend our understanding of the influence of such factors on basic processes. In this review article, we study the four planetary environments of Mercury, Earth, Jupiter and Saturn, comparing their common features and contrasting their unique dynamics. |
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