粉末燃料冲压发动机研究进展

粉末燃料冲压发动机采用高能金属或硼粉为燃料,兼具液体燃料冲压发动机推力可调、比冲高及固体火箭冲压发动机安全可靠、结构简单等优点,尤其是固体/粉末或液体/粉末燃料组合冲压发动机,粉末燃料的加入不仅可大幅提高传统冲压发动机的比冲等性能,还能改善并增加其原有功能,是极具发展潜力的新一代导弹动力装置之一。针对粉末燃料冲压发动机及其相关研究领域的发展现状进行了概述分析,并以此梳理出粉末燃料供给、发动机燃烧组织、发动机点火等粉末燃料冲压发动机主要关键技术,同时对发动机技术提出了高性能粉末燃料研究、冲压空气作为驱动流化气可行性研究、发动机快速响应和环境适应潜力及工作可靠性研究等几点研究展望。通过对粉末燃料冲压发动机相关研究技术进行综述梳理,明确了其研究的重点和难点,为发展高性能冲压发动机提供了一定参考。

A summary of powder-fueled ramjet

The powder-fueled ramjet makes use of metal powder and boron as propellant,which offers a combination of high im-pulse,security,thrust modulation,simple structure and low cost that are not completely achieved by liquid and solid ramjet,especial-ly for solid/powder and liquid/powder combination ramjet,adding powder fuel not only improved the specific impulse,but also add-ed new functions,and it is a development direction for the next generation of missile propulsion.The study of powder-fueled ramjet is still at its beginning stage,and related research technologies and development tendency of the engine is not clear yet. A brief intro-duction of powder-fueled ramjet technology and related research foundation is made in this paper,based on these,it is pointed out that the powder fuel supply,the combustion organization,the engine ignition are the critical technology to be urgent solved. Further-more,high-performance powder fuel research,feasibility of ram air act as driving gas and fluidization gas research,rapid response re-search,environmental compatibility and operation reliability research are the development direction of powder-fueled ramjet technolo-gy.Based on this summary,the key point and difficult point of the engine is emphasized,which offers a reference for the development of the engine.