纳米铝燃料研究进展

纳米铝代替传统微米铝作为固体火箭推进剂的金属燃料,有助于提高推进剂的燃速、比冲和降低特征信号等。综述了纳米铝燃料合成、活性保持、高温氧化反应机理和在含能材料体系中的分散性能等方面的研究进展,分析了关键技术的发展趋势。最后,给出了下一阶段纳米铝燃料的研究建议:探索各向异性纳米铝燃料合成途径,丰富纳米铝燃料类别;在不降低铝燃料能量的前提下,进行修饰、包覆,提高纳米铝燃料活性;弄清不同反应速率下纳米铝燃料氧化反应过程,明晰纳米铝燃料氧化反应机理;重视铝燃料在含能材料中的分散技术、表征手段,揭示分散状况对燃烧稳定性的影响规律。

Research progress of nano aluminum fuel

The addition of nano-aluminum in the solid rocket propellants is beneficial to obtain higher burning rate,higher specific impulse and lower signal characteristics than that of traditional micron-aluminum.The research progress on nano aluminum fuel synthesis,the activity protection,the high temperature oxidation reaction mechanisms and the dispersion property of this nanomaterial in the energetic systems are reviewed,where the development trends of key technologies are analyzed.Finally,the forthcoming research direction of nano aluminum fuel is proposed.The method of synthesis of anisotropic nano aluminum fuel is also explored.The way of modifying and coating of nano aluminum surfaces in order to improve its activity is also summarized.The mechanisms of the oxidation reaction of nano aluminum fuel at different reaction rates have been clarified.Attention has been paid to the dispersion and characterization technology of aluminum fuel in energetic materials,where the effect of dispersion on combustion stability was clarified as well.