机载蒸发循环制冷系统板翅式蒸发器换热特性

从叉流板翅式蒸发器翅片传热和隔板热平衡方程出发建立了蒸发器的分布参数稳态数学模型,用有限差分法计算了蒸发器内的温度分布和换热特性。模型中制冷剂侧采用均相流动假设,空气侧考虑了湿工况的影响。为了求解两流程板翅式相变换热器的数学模型,本文提出了一种以第一、第二流程分界隔板上温度分布为收敛依据的计算方法,得出了蒸发器中空气温度场及制冷剂两相流干度和温度场的分布规律。计算结果表明,蒸发器中温度场和干度的分布规律是由叉流式换热器的结构特点及制冷剂和空气的相对流动方向决定的,制冷剂在一个流动通道中沿垂直流动方向干度分布很不均匀,即一边是过热蒸气,而另一边则含有未蒸发的制冷剂液体。由于过热蒸气与空气的换热系数较低,蒸发器中存在大面积过热区势必影响其换热效率,同时,蒸发器出口含有制冷剂液滴不仅减少了系统制冷量,降低了系统的性能系数,严重时可能对压缩机的工作造成不良影响。因此在设计蒸发器时必须充分考虑干度不均匀性的影响,采取必要措施尽量使出口干度均匀。计算结果与相关文献中实验结果比较证明了本文所建立的模型是合理的。

Heat Transfer Characteristic of Plate-Fin Evaporator of On-Board Vapor Cycle Cooling System

A distributed parameter model is presented based on heat transfer equations of fins and heat balance equations of plates.It is used describe the steady behaviors of a plate-fin evaporator of an airplane vapor cycle environment control system(ECS).The temperature distribution and the heat transfer performance of the evaporator are calculated by using the finite difference method.The homogeneous model is used on refrigerant-side and the effect of the wet suffices for air-side on the evaporator performance is included.In order to compute the temperature field and two-phase flow parameters inside the two-pass flow plate-fin evaporator,a new interaction method based on the convergence of the temperature on the interface between the first and second flow pass is presented.Compared numerical results with experimental results,the validity of the simulation model is proven.