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Anomalous Cosmic Rays
Authors:Klecker  B  Mewaldt  RA  Bieber  JW  Cummings  AC  Drury  L  Giacalone  J  Jokipii  JR  Jones  FC  Krainev  MB  Lee  MA  Le Roux  JA  Marsden  RG  Mcdonald  FB  McKibben  RB  Steenberg  CD  Baring  MG  Ellison  DC  Lanzerotti  LJ  Leske  RA  Mazur  JE  Moraal  H  Oetliker  M  Ptuskin  VS  Selesnick  RS  Trattner  KJ
Institution:(1) Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85740 Garching, Germany;(2) Space Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Downs Lab. M/C 220-47, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;(3) University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;(4) School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies, Dublin, Ireland;(5) Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;(6) Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;(7) Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia;(8) University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;(9) University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;(10) Space Science Dept. of ESA, Postbus 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands;(11) Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;(12) Space Research Unit, Department of Physics, Potchefstroom University for CHE, Potchefstroom, South Africa;(13) Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;(14) AT & T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA;(15) IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Moscow District, 142092, Russia;(16) The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA 90009, USA;(17) Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey, UK
Abstract:We review the observed properties of anomalous cosmic rays and the present status of our knowledge of the processes by which they originate. We compiled a comprehensive set of ACR energy spectral data from various spacecraft throughout the heliosphere during the passes of Ulysses over the poles of the Sun and present first results of a detailed modeling effort. In several contributions, we discuss the questions of injection and possible pre-acceleration of pickup ions, summarize new observations on the ionic charge composition, and present new results on the composition of minor ions in ACRs.
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