VLBI observations to the APOD satellite |
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Authors: | Jing Sun Geshi Tang Fengchun Shu Xie Li Shushi Liu Jianfeng Cao Andreas Hellerschmied Johannes Böhm Lucia McCallum Jamie McCallum Jim Lovell Rüdiger Haas Alexander Neidhardt Weitao Lu Songtao Han Tianpeng Ren Lue Chen Mei Wang Jinsong Ping |
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Institution: | 1. Beijing Aerospace Control Center, 26 Beiqing Road, Beijing 100094, China;2. Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, 150 Science 1-Street, Urumqi 830011, China;3. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, China;4. Technische Universität Wien, Gußhausstraße 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria;5. University of Tasmania, Private Bag 37, 7001 Hobart, Australia;6. Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 43992 Onsala, Sweden;g. Technische Universität München, Geodetic Observatory Wettzell, Germany;h. National Astronomical Observatory, 20A Datun Road, Beijing 100012, China |
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Abstract: | The APOD (Atmospheric density detection and Precise Orbit Determination) is the first LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellite in orbit co-located with a dual-frequency GNSS (GPS/BD) receiver, an SLR reflector, and a VLBI X/S dual band beacon. From the overlap statistics between consecutive solution arcs and the independent validation by SLR measurements, the orbit position deviation was below 10?cm before the on-board GNSS receiver got partially operational. In this paper, the focus is on the VLBI observations to the LEO satellite from multiple geodetic VLBI radio telescopes, since this is the first implementation of a dedicated VLBI transmitter in low Earth orbit. The practical problems of tracking a fast moving spacecraft with current VLBI ground infrastructure were solved and strong interferometric fringes were obtained by cross-correlation of APOD carrier and DOR (Differential One-way Ranging) signals. The precision in X-band time delay derived from 0.1?s integration time of the correlator output is on the level of 0.1?ns. The APOD observations demonstrate encouraging prospects of co-location of multiple space geodetic techniques in space, as a first prototype. |
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Keywords: | APOD VLBI GNSS SLR Space ties |
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