高性能飞机发展对控制理论的挑战

根据笔者30余年来飞行试验研究的实践,从实际飞行的角度简要综述了影响飞行安全的大迎角过失速机动、超低空重载空投、飞行器突发故障和无人机控制方法研究。描述了操纵稳定性飞行试验获取飞机模型的手段和通常飞行控制器设计对模型的近似,给出了8个飞行鲁棒控制的研究问题;对超低空重载空投控制方法进行了描述,并给出了飞行器出现故障时突变模型和容错控制方法;同时,描述了测量对飞行控制特别是对保障无人机飞行安全的重要性,指出了飞行控制方法研究存在的部分问题,并建议有关高校研究单位从稳定性很好的四旋翼转向固定翼或单旋翼战术无人机等高层次研究。

Challenge of control theory in the presence of high performance aircraft development

Considering the relevant effects of the flight attitude to the flight safety, the post stall maneuvering at high angle of attack region, airdropping heavy cargoes at super low-altitude, flight vehicles suffering catastrophe faults and UAV control methods are briefly reviewed in the paper, according to the thirty years flight test experiences. The approach of establishing flight model by handling stability flight test is presented as well as the useful flight model simplification assumptions for controller design. To enhance the robustness of flight controller against uncertainties, eight topics for robust control are suggested. The control problem for transport plane airdropping heavy cargoes at extremely low altitude is described, and the catastrophic models and tolerant control methods are presented with flight vehicles faults. Meanwhile, the importance of flight state measurements to flight control is issued, especially to UAV flight safety. Due to the inaccuracy measurement, certain flight control problem is addressed. Finally, studies of fixed wing or single rotor tactical unmanned aerial vehicles and other high level research vehicles are suggested for some university and institute to replace the study of four rotor steering aircraft with better stability.