空间目标小型相控阵雷达探测技术

地基探测系统受站点布局限制，难以实现全轨道空间的目标探测与跟踪。为对高价值航天器邻域空间目标进行全时探测与跟踪，提出基于伴随微纳卫星的小型化相控阵雷达技术。通过分析不同波段雷达对大范围空间目标搜索与精细跟踪的性能，并综合考虑系统复杂度与功耗等因素，最终选择C波段作为雷达工作频段。详细阐述小型化相控阵雷达的系统设计、目标搜索与跟踪的信号处理方法、测距与测角误差分析等。仿真分析证明，该小型化相控阵雷达能对25 km范围内、40°×40°的三维空间进行目标搜索，实现0.4 m的测距精度与0.03°的测角精度，满足空间目标大范围搜索与跟踪应用的需求。

Miniaturized phased array radar technology for detection of space target

With the ground-based detection system in China, limited by the site layout, it is difficult to realize the target detection and tracking in the full orbit space. For implementing the full-time detection and tracking of neighbourhood space targets for high-value spacecraft, we propose an approach using the miniaturized phased array radar based on the concomitant micro-nano satellite. By comparing the performances of different band radars in the searching and fine tracking of large-scale space targets, and considering the factors concerning the system complexity and the power consumption, the C band is selected as the working band of the radar. In this paper, the design of the miniaturized phased array radar system is presented, including the signal processing method for the target search and tracking, and the error analysis of the ranging and angle measurement. The simulation results show that the miniaturized phased array radar is capable of searching the three-dimensional space targets in the range of 40°×40° and 25 km, with a ranging accuracy of less than 0.4 m and an angle measuring precision of not more than 0.03°, and the requirements of large-scale search and tracking of space targets can be met.