激光选区熔化技术在航空航天领域的发展现状及典型应用

增材制造技术(AM)是一种基于离散-堆积原理,以计算机模型数据来加工组件的新型制造技术。激光选区熔化(SLM)作为增材制造领域的一项重要技术,以其一体化制造特点和在复杂结构零部件制造领域的显著优势,成为航空航天制造领域的重点发展技术和前沿方向。本文综述了SLM技术的材料体系和应用领域,主要对SLM技术的最新工艺研究和航空航天领域的典型应用进行细致分析。重点阐述SLM铁基合金、镍基合金、钛合金和铝合金等材料体系的研究进展及成果。SLM技术在各领域广泛应用的同时,也存在成形材料内部缺陷多、高性能材料的裂纹及变形、标准体系的欠缺和粉末材料兼容性低等诸多问题和不足之处,使其发展受到一定制约,需要在这些方面做更深入的工作。

Development status and typical application of selective laser melting technology applications in aerospace field

Additive manufacturing technology(AM)is a new type of manufacturing technology based on the discrete-stacking principle and processing component with computer model data.Selective laser melting(SLM)is an important technology in the field of additive manufacturing.With its integrated manufacturing characteristics and significant advantages in the field of complex structural parts manufacturing,it has become a key development technology and frontier direction in the field of aerospace manufacturing.This article reviews the material system and application fields of SLM technology,and mainly analyzes the latest process research of SLM technology and typical applications in the aerospace field.It focuses on the research progress and results of SLM iron-based alloys,nickel-based alloys,titanium alloys and aluminum alloys.While SLM technology is widely used in various fields,there are also many problems and shortcomings,such as many internal defects of forming materials,cracks and deformations of high-performance materials,lack of standard systems,and low compatibility of powder materials.Constraints require further indepth work in these areas.