MMOD撞击下航天器风险评估系统的发展与启示

微流星体及空间碎片（MMOD）超高速撞击严重威胁在轨航天器安全，而开展MMOD撞击下的航天器失效风险评估是考核验证航天器在轨生存力的有效手段。文章在分析MMOD超高速撞击对航天器的撞击损伤行为和撞击效应的基础上，综述MMOD超高速撞击下航天器风险评估系统的发展情况，以及撞击敏感性、易损性分析等关键技术的最新发展；最后针对国内现状，提出MMOD撞击下航天器风险评估系统的发展建议。

Development of risk assessment system for spacecraft under MMOD impact and the enlightenment

The hypervelocity impact of the micro-meteoroid & orbital debris (MMOD) threatens the safety of on-orbiting spacecraft, leading to functional degradation or even mission failure. The risk assessment is an effective approach for checking and verifying the survivability of spacecraft under the MMOD hypervelocity impact. This paper analyzes the characteristics and the mechanism, as well as the damage behavior of the MMOD hypervelocity impact to spacecraft, and reviews the development of the spacecraft risk assessment in the MMOD environment, as well as the development trends of key technologies, including the impact susceptibility and the vulnerability of spacecraft structure and inner parts, and makes suggestions on building China’s spacecraft risk assessment system.