基于刚体自由转动的连续推力消旋方法研究

针对空间失效卫星或废弃碎片转速过快,难以对其直接处理的问题,提出了一种基于刚体转动的连续小推力消旋方法。分析了轴对称消旋目标的运动特性,设计了消旋方法。将轴对称消旋目标的消旋方法推广到一般的消旋目标上,通过变换欧拉方程得到消旋目标各角速度分量的变化趋势和最终状态。通过一般消旋目标的仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性。结果表明:按给定顺序和方向施加单轴外力矩,能够有效降低消旋目标的转速。区别于传统的控制方法,最优控制方法需要精确测量消旋目标的实时状态信息,而分步消旋方法只需分辨角速度分量的正负,且控制力矩只需反向变化,推力器无需摆动,因此降低了对控制系统的要求。

Study on Method of Continuous Thrust Despun Based on Free Rotation of Rigid Body

Because the rotation speed of disabled satellite and space debris is too fast to be captured directly, a continuous low-thrust method based on rigid body rotation dynamics is proposed. First, the motion characteristics of axisymmetric target are analyzed, and the method of despun control scheme is designed. Then, the despun method of the axisymmetric target is applied to general target, the changing trend and final state of each angular velocity of the target are obtained by transforming the Euler equation. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified by simulation experiment of general target despun. The results show that in a given sequence and direction, the single axis external torque can effectively reduce the rotation speed of the target. Compared to the traditional optimal control method, step-by-step despun method proposed in this paper only needs to distinguish the positive angular velocity from the negative angular velocity, and the control moment just needs to reversely change, without the thruster swing, while the optimal control method needs to know real-time status information by accurate measurement of despun target. Thus, the method proposed in this paper reduces the requirements on the control system.