Transient effects of solar energetic particle flux enhancements on the inner magnetosphere of the earth

In one type of space weather, the sun emits intermittent enhancements of solar energetic particle (SEP) fluxes. A fraction of these fluxes that reach the envelope of geospace can be injected into the magnetospheric particle confinement region after transiting the geomagnetic tail domain, the polar cleft/cusp region, or directly through the front side magnetopause. Common for these processes is that they provide inward diffusive “leakage” whenever the immediate external flux environment is more intense than in the outer trapping region. Conversely, following injection events outward leakage can also occur whereby the confinement region becomes a source of Magnetosheath particles. Numerical modeling has been carried out to investigate the effects on the ambient fluxes in the Earth's radiation belts from this effect.