数控机床几何误差测量研究现状及趋势

数控机床作为现代制造加工业的"工业母机",是衡量国家制造业的重要标志。随着技术的发展,对机床加工精度的要求越来越高。因此,我国数控机床精度和精度保持性面临着严峻的挑战,如何快速准确测量数控机床的各种误差成为该领域的一个研究热点和重点。首先从测量仪器角度以及测量策略研究角度回顾了数控机床激光干涉测量、激光跟踪测量、空间体积误差测量、球杆仪测量、平面光栅测试、R-Test、标准件测试等主要几何误差综合测量方法,并对热误差、力误差等相关研究做了简要回顾。在此基础上,分析了当前数控机床误差测量面临的主要挑战以及下一步的发展趋势,为国产数控机床误差测量方法与技术发展提供了建议。

Research Status and Trend of Geometrical Error Measurement of CNC Machine Tools

CNC machine tools as the foundation of modem manufacturing industry,is a vital sign for the evaluation of the national whole industry.With the development of science and technology,the requirement of machining accuracy is getting higher and higher.The accuracy and precision stability of CNC machine tool is facing serious challenging.Therefore,how to measure the error of machine tool quickly and accurately is one of the research hot points.The main measuring method are reviewed from the perspectives of measuring instrument and measuring strategy,which include the laser interferometer,laser tracer,laser volumetric error measurement,double ball bar,cross grid encoder,R-test,standard artefact measurement.Also the research status of thermal error and cutting force induced error are briefly reviewed,and the main challenging of the error measurement technology and the next development trend are analyzed.Also some proposals for our unique techniques of the error measurement are given.