Estimates of Carrington-class solar particle event radiation exposures as a function of altitude in the atmosphere of Mars |
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| Institution: | 1. Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Department of Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), 41 Rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg;2. Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of the Built Environment, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands;1. School of Civil Engineering & Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;2. Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, UK;3. Information Technology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;4. Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany;5. Geography Department, King''s College London, King''s College, 5 Strand Lane, London, UK;6. Department of Economics, Ca'' Foscari University of Venice, Cannaregio 873, 30121 Venice, Italy;7. Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA;8. Center for Biodiversity Outcomes, Arizona State University, PO Box 875402, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;9. Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Bilbao, Spain;10. Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg;11. Fera Science, National Agri-food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York, UK;12. Department of Mathematics & Physical Sciences, School of Science, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, P.O Box 657-10100, Nyeri, Kenya;13. LMD/IPSL, Ecole normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France;14. Research Institute for Knowledge Systems (RIKS), Hertogsingel 11B, 6211 NC Maastricht, The Netherlands;15. School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;1. Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Humanities, U Kříže 8, 158 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic;3. Charles University in Prague, Environment Center, José Martího 407/2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | Radiation exposure estimates for crew members on the surface of Mars may vary widely because of the large variations in terrain altitude. The maximum altitude difference between the highest (top of Olympus Mons) and the lowest (bottom of the Hellas impact basin) points on Mars is about 32 km. In this work estimates of radiation exposures as a function of altitude, from the Hellas impact basin to Olympus Mons, are made for a solar particle event proton radiation environment comparable to the Carrington event of 1859. We assume that the proton energy distribution for this Carrington-type event is similar to that of the Band Function fit of the February 1956 event. In this work we use the HZETRN 2010 radiation transport code, originally developed at NASA Langley Research Center, and the Computerized Anatomical Male and Female human geometry models to estimate exposures for aluminum shield areal densities similar to those provided by a spacesuit, surface lander, and permanent habitat as a function of altitude in the Mars atmosphere. Comparisons of the predicted organ exposures with current NASA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) are made. |
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| Keywords: | Space radiation exposures Mars atmosphere shielding |
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