自然形高空气球上升过程形状预测

为研究高空气球在上升过程中的形状变化以及蒙皮应力分布情况，并给气球的结构设计以及强度设计提供一定依据，本文建立了气球上升过程中的热力学模型，同时基于高空气球蒙皮材料具有非线性、黏弹性、各向异性和不能抗压等特点，通过简化气球几何模型，采用最小势能法预测自然形高空气球上升过程中的形状，并分析了气球上升过程中的应力分布情况，气球的应力极值出现在气球顶部和底部，而经向应力的数量级远大于纬向应力；还对比了不同充气量下、不同时刻下气球形状及应力分布情况，为气球设计及工程应用提供了有效计算 方法。

Shape Prediction of Natural Shaped High Altitude Balloon during Ascending Process

In order to study the shape change of a balloon during its ascending process as well as the distribution of the film stress, and to provide a basis for the structural design and strength design of the balloon, this paper establishes a thermal model for the balloon during ascending, and based on the high altitude balloon film material’s characteristics of nonlinearity, viscoelasticity, anisotropy and inability to withstand pressure, the natural shape of the high altitude balloon during ascending process is predicted by simplifying the balloon geometry model and using the minimum potential energy method. In the stress distribution, the extreme values of the stress of the balloon appear at the top and bottom of the balloon, while the magnitude of the meridional stress is much larger than that of the latitudinal stress. The shape and stress distribution of the balloon at different moments are also compared. This paper provides an efficient calculation method for balloon design and engineering applications.