用于空间试验的金属物质气化方法

通过向电离层空间释放金属物质，形成高密度的等离子体云团，实现对电磁波反射与散射的方法，对于改善通信效果具有重要作用，是当前应急通信研究热点之一。根据气态形式释放金属才能充分与电离层相互作用生成电子密度增强区的原理，针对以往采用碱金属和碱土金属作为释放物，产生电子密度增强的机制主要是光致电离所带来的不足（白天效果明显，夜间效果较差），选用镧系金属作为新的释放物，并以镧系金属钐为例，建立了钛硼与钛碳两种自蔓延燃烧合成反应加热气化金属钐的理论模型。通过理论计算，确定了两种自蔓延合成反应体系加热气化金属钐的净放热量以及加热气化金属钐的最大效率。针对理论研究结果，对两种反应体系加热气化金属钐的方案开展试验研究，验证了理论分析的正确性，摆脱了电子密度增强主要依赖光致电离的缺点，提供了一种全天候释放电子密度的方法。 

Study on Gasification Method of Metal Materials for Space Experiment

Vaporized metal has been released in the ionosphere for artificially creating plasma clouds, which can realize or enhance the reflection and scattering of radio waves, thereby affecting the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the information system, and it is currently a research hotspot of emergency communication. Only the metal released in the gaseous form can sufficiently interact with the ionosphere to generate an enhanced electron density region. In the early days, a large number of studies on the release of metal gases were carried out, and the releases mainly used alkali metals and alkaline Earth metals. The mechanism by which these metals generate electron density enhancement is mainly photoionization (the effect is obvious during the day, and the nighttime effect is not obvious). In this study, lanthanide metals were selected as new releasers. Taking the lanthanide metal Samarium (Sm) as an example, a theoretical model of the self-propagating combustion synthesis reaction of Titanium Boron (Ti-B) and Titanium Carbon (Ti-C) for gasifying Sm was established. Through theoretical calculations, the pure heat release and the maximum efficiency of gasifying Sm were obtained for the two self-propagating synthesis reaction systems. According to the theoretical research results, the experimental research on the gasification of Sm in two reaction systems is carried out. The experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. It gets rid of the disadvantage that electron density enhancement mainly relies on photoionization, and provides a kind of all-weather method of releasing electron density.