冬季西北地区临近空间气象火箭探测数据分析

在获取冬季西北地区一次临近空间气象火箭探测数据后，将火箭探测温度、密度与MSIS00模式和TIMED/SABER卫星数据进行对比，并将火箭探测风场与HWM07模式和MERRA再分析资料进行对比，分析火箭探测温度误差组成，计算各项温度修正量。结果表明：火箭、卫星、MSIS00模式获取的温度和密度随高度整体变化趋势一致；相对于MSIS00模式，火箭和卫星实测数据能够反映出更多的变化细节，且二者在细节上具有较多一致性。火箭实测风场与MERRA的一致性较好，而与HWM07模式差异较大，在平流层中部火箭探测风场明显强于HWM07模式。相对于HWM07模式和MERRA，火箭探测风场能够体现更多细节，在22 km和45 km附近均探测到较强的风切变。在火箭探测温度的各项修正量中，气动加热、温度滞后、支撑结构热传导及测量电流焦耳效应带来的影响较大，该影响整体上随着高度降低而逐渐减小。分析表明，本次气象火箭获取的探测数据是有效可靠的，但在数据处理方法尤其是温度误差修正等方面还需不断迭代完善。

Analysis of Data from Near Space Meteorological Rocket Sounding in Northwest China in Winter

Data obtained from near space meteorological rocket sounding in northwest China in winter compared with that from empirical model MSIS00, MERRA reanalysis and satellite TIMED/SABER in order to analyze the meteorological rocket data reliability. Different kinds of temperature correction were calculated. Analysis shows temperature and density variation trends from all data sources are almost the same. However, compared with MSIS00, data from rockets and satellites are more accurate and have many similar details. Meteorological rocket’s wind data matches MERRA well. Deviation of these two data sources changes around 0. However, measured wind data is different from HWM07, and obviously stronger in the middle stratosphere. Besides, meteorological rocket observes strong wind changes around 22 km and 45 km. Among all kinds of temperature error, air heating, temperature hysteresis, heat transfer and current heating contributes a lot, reducing as altitude decreases. Comprehensive comparison results show that meteorological rocket data is effective and reliable, but the data processing method especially error correction needs to be improved.