晴天大气电场时空变化特征分析

利用子午工程5个大气电场观测站点近10年的近地面晴天大气电场观测数据，在年变化、季节变化、日变化三种不同时间尺度上进行了对比分析。结果表明:不同纬度站点的日平均晴天大气电场峰谷类型不同，且部分站点的波峰出现了逐年左移或右移的趋势；在电场幅值变化方面，位于中低纬度地区的站点呈现出逐年减小的变化特征，而位于中高纬度的站点呈现出逐年增加的变化趋势，且这种年变化均是线性的；多元回归分析表明，最大波峰出现时间与地理经度呈负相关，而与地理纬度呈正相关；各站点在近10年中均未出现明显的纬度效应；冬季的晴天大气电场日平均值水平较高，夏季较低，且各季节的日平均晴天大气电场最小值及最大值均近似呈正态分布；最小值及最大值在年度和季节两个时间尺度上的变化规律是基本一致的。这些研究结果揭示了晴天大气电场在不同时间尺度上的变化特征。 

Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of the Atmospheric Electric Field on Fair-weather

At present, research on the fair-weather atmospheric electric field are mostly carried out on a single region or on a 2～3 years time scale, while the analysis and comparison on multiple observation stations with different longitude and latitude and large time scale are few. In this study, the observational data of near-surface fair-weather atmospheric electric field from five stations of the Meridian Project in recent ten years were compared and analyzed on three different time scales: annual variation, seasonal variation and diurnal variation. The results show that the peak and valley types of the average daily fair-weather atmospheric electric field are different at different latitudes, and the wave peaks at Zhaoqing Station in Guangzhou, Jiufeng Station in Wuhan and Mohe Station in Heilongjiang tend to shift to the left or the right year by year. Located in the low latitudes in Zhaoqing, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Chengdu PI county stand the Jiufeng station sites, such as nearly a decade of sunny overall atmospheric electric field amplitude shows the characteristics of the change of the reduced year by year, while the electric field amplitude of Changchun Nong'an Station and Heilongjiang Mohe Station in the middle and high latitudes showed an annual increase in the overall trend, and the annual changes were linear. The occurrence time of maximum crest is negatively correlated with geographical longitude, but positively correlated with geographical latitude. There was no obvious latitude effect at each station in the last ten years. The daily average level of the fair-weather atmospheric electric field is higher in winter and lower in summer, and the minimum and maximum values of the daily average fair-weather electric field are approximately normally distributed in all seasons; the variation of the minimum and maximum values is generally consistent on both annual and seasonal time scales. The results reveal the variation characteristics of fair-weather atmospheric electric fields on different time scales.