航空座椅适坠性评估与分析方法

为了研究某航空座椅在坠撞环境下的结构响应特性,针对座椅和假人耦合系统,提出了航空座椅适坠性评估与分析方法。首先根据航空座椅结构特点,提出了合理的模型简化方法,建立了座椅的有限元模型,并将有限元模型和50分位Hybrid Ⅲ型多刚体假人模型耦合。然后按照适航条例规定的通用飞机乘员座椅动态试验方法和资格要求对此乘员座椅系统进行了适坠性仿真分析,在仿真中考虑了客舱地板变形的影响,得到了典型冲击载荷下座椅各部件的变形方式和能量吸收情况,以及假人的各项伤害指标。分析结果表明:在水平冲击环境下,乘员座椅系统受到的损伤更严重;过于刚硬的靠背调节机构会加大椅管梁前端的塑性变形;客舱地板变形加剧了座椅结构破坏,相对于俯仰变形,客舱地板滚转变形造成的破坏更大。为了提高适坠性能,提出了座椅结构的设计改进方案。

Evaluation and analysis method of aviation seat crashworthiness

In order to research the structural response characteristics of an aviation seat under crash scenarios, an evaluation and analytical method of aviation seat crashworthiness was proposed for a seat/occupant system. A finite element model of the seat was established based on actual seat geometry and reasonable simplifying assumptions, then the seat model was coupled with a 50th Hybrid Ⅲ multi-rigid-body dummy model. A crashworthiness simulation of this seat/occupant system was carried out according to airworthiness regulations which define dynamic impact test methods and qualification requirements for crew seats in general aviation aircraft in consideration of the cabin floor deformation. Seat deformations and energy-absorption, as well as occupant injury indicators under typical loading conditions were obtained. The results show that the seat/occupant system suffers more serious damage under forward and lateral loading, and the plastic deformation of the front seat beams increases when the backrest adjustment mechanism is too rigid. Cabin floor deformation aggravates seat structure damage. Compared with pitch deformation, roll deformation of the cabin floor causes greater damage. Modifications for the seat structure are proposed to improve its crashworthiness.