卫星星敏感器结构强电磁耦合效应仿真及实验研究

作为姿态测量器件安装在GEO卫星星表的星敏感器易受空间严酷带电环境影响，在强电磁脉冲干扰下出现在轨异常。文章通过数值模拟仿真和测试实验对星敏感器结构在电磁脉冲形成的强电磁场作用下的耦合效应进行研究，仿真计算强电磁场下星敏感器内部的耦合场分布和结构的电磁屏蔽效能，并进行相应的屏蔽效能验证实验。结果表明：强电磁场的高频部分通过星敏感器的光学窗口耦合进入星敏内部后将形成较强的电磁场，在谐振频点还会产生场强增强效应，使结构的屏蔽效能显著下降，内部的电子学器件受到干扰，需要采取相应的防护措施。以上结果可用于星敏感器的强电磁环境防护及相应的在轨异常分析。

Effects of strong electromagnetic coupling on the structure of satellite star tracker

The star tracker installed as an attitude measuring device on the surface of the GEO satellite is susceptible to the space charging environment and is likely to become abnormal in the orbit under the interference of strong electromagnetic pulses. In this paper, the coupling effect of the star tracker structure under a strong electromagnetic field is studied by numerical simulations and measurement tests. The electromagnetic shielding and the coupling field distributions in the star tracker under a strong electromagnetic field are simulated, with a corresponding experiment to validate the shielding effectiveness. It is indicated that the high frequency part of the strong electromagnetic field will induce a strong electromagnetic field when it is coupled with the star tracker through its optical window. At the resonance frequency point, the field strength will be enhanced, to significantly reduce the shielding effectiveness of the structure and to interfere with the internal electronic devices. Thus the protective countermeasures need to be taken. The results of this paper can provide some guidance for protecting the star tracker under a strong electromagnetic environment and some help for the on-orbit anomaly analysis.