大型民机进近着陆段异常能量风险判据研究

根据大型民机事故统计，进近着陆阶段事故率最高，而其中大部分事故首先表现出异常能量状态，并演变成失控、重着陆、擦尾、冲出跑道等事故类型，或者呈现复飞失败。在归纳上述五类终端事故类型作为重点关注对象基础上，建立典型大型民机飞行数值仿真平台，使用随机模拟和相关性分析方法研究能量状态参数偏离导致进近着陆风险的影响规律。在此基础上，根据仿真结果给出了由关键能量参数确定的能量状态安全边界，可建立不同风场条件及可能的复飞油门下由空速-下滑角参数构成的异常能量预警判据，对于异常能量导致的进近着陆风险预警具有准确性和非保守性。研究结果可为大型民机进近着陆过程的风险预警以及相关飞行控制功能设计提供方法基础。

Abnormal energy risk criteria of large civil airplanes in approach and landing

Statistics of large civil airplanes reveal that the accident rate is the highest in the approach and landing phases and that most of these accidents exhibit initial abnormal energy status which evolves into one of the end accident types such as loss of control, hard landing, tail strike, runway overrun, or go-around failure. This paper summarizes and focuses on the above five types of end accident types, establishing a generic flight simulation tool for large civil airplanes. Stochastic simulation and correlation analysis show the deviation tendency of energy state parameters leading to different types of approach and landing risks. Stochastic simulation results further provide safety boundaries determined by the key energy parameters to avoid the above five end accidents. Warning criteria of the abnormal energy status are then established, described by air-speed vs. glide angle envelops under possible wind conditions and go-around throttle settings, which are shown to be accurate and non-conservative for approach and landing risk warnings caused by abnormal energy. The proposed methods can be applied to on-board risk warning and the related flight control function design for approaching and landing safety of large civil airplanes.