分布式电推进飞机设计技术综述

分布式电推进系统利用电力驱动多个推进器作为飞机的动力装置，在提升飞机气动效率、载运能力、环保性和鲁棒性等方面蕴藏着可供人们挖掘和利用的巨大潜能，被广泛认为是一种航空领域的颠覆性技术。本文在对电动飞机的优势和不足，电推进系统的尺度独立性以及分布式电推进飞机分类进行初步研究之后，重点从飞机工程设计的专业划分角度出发，分别从飞机总体设计、气动设计、结构设计、系统及支持设施设计等学科对分布式电推进飞机设计技术的研究情况和学术进展进行综述。随着电池能量密度、电机及控制器功率密度的不断提升以及相关机载电气设备的小型化和轻量化，分布式电推进通用飞机基本具备按需航空市场化能力，尽管仍存在一些挑战，但该技术为未来飞机设计提供了更多的权衡空间与可能性。

Survey on design technology of distributed electric propulsion aircraft

The distributed electric propulsion system, which uses electric power to drive multiple propulsors as the aircraft power device, is widely considered a disruptive technology in the aviation field because of its great potential in improving aerodynamic efficiency, carrying capacity, environmental protection, and robustness of aircraft. This paper presents a survey on the research and academic progress of distributed electric propulsion aircraft design technology from the perspective of professional division for aircraft engineering design, based on a preliminary study of the advantages and disadvantages of electric aircraft, the scale independence of electric propulsion system, as well as the classification of distributed electric propulsion aircraft. This design technology involves aircraft conceptual/preliminary design, aerodynamic design, structural design, system and support facility design. With continuous improvements in battery energy density, motor and controller power density, and the miniaturization and lightweight of related airborne electrical equipment, the distributed electric propulsion general aircraft basically owns the market-oriented ability in on-demand aviation. Despite certain challenges, this technology provides more trade-off space and possibility for future aircraft design.