精密复杂曲面零件多轴数控加工技术研究进展

多轴数控（CNC）加工是现代工业中的标志性加工技术，在能源、动力、国防、运载工具、航空航天等制造领域的关键零部件加工中占据着主导地位。随着这些领域中高端装备性能要求越来越高，涌现出一大批加工难度大、性能指标要求苛刻的精密复杂曲面零件，其加工已由以往单纯的形位精度要求，跃升为形位与性能指标并重的高性能加工要求，给传统的复杂曲面零件数控加工技术带来了严峻挑战。针对精密复杂曲面零件形位精度保证、加工效率提升及动态切削过程可控等关键技术问题，从多轴数控加工的高效加工路径设计、进给率规划以及加工动力学分析等方面，详细论述相关加工技术的研究现状、存在的难点和核心问题，指出可行的解决途径、突破方向和未来的发展趋势，为实现复杂曲面零件的高性能数控加工提供参考和依据。

Research progress in multi-axis CNC machining of precision complex curved parts

Multi-axis Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining is an iconic manufacturing technology in modern industry, which dominates the manufacturing of key components in the fields of energy, power, national defense, vehicles, aerospace, etc. In these fields, the requirement for high-end equipment is strict, so that a large number of precision and complex curved parts with considerable machining difficulty and tight performance tolerances have emerged. The machining requirements for these parts have been evolving from simple shape and position accuracy in the past towards high performance requirements that place equal emphasis on accuracy and performance. This brings severe challenges to the traditional CNC machining technology for complex curved parts. The state of the art and difficulties of the key technical issues such as accuracy guarantee, improvement of machining efficiency and control of the dynamic cutting process are discussed in terms of tool path planning, feedrate scheduling and dynamics analysis of CNC machining processes. Then, the feasible routes, breakthrough direction and future development trend are also expounded, so as to provide an effective reference and guidance for high performance machining of precision complex curved parts.