机场污染跑道飞机轮胎的溅水问题

飞机在有积水、融雪的跑道起降时,由轮胎滑跑所产生的溅水有可能影响飞机的滑跑性能与安全。因此,积水跑道上的滑跑溅水试验是民航飞机适航审定的一个重要科目。在有限元软件LS-DYNA中对飞机轮胎溅水进行模拟,对于水粒子的模拟采用光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法。针对某一具体轮胎参数首先进行了工程估算分析,接着建立了飞机轮胎的溅水分析模型,并对模型有效性进行了验证,进而分析了多种因素对轮胎溅水形态分布的影响。通过工程估算和数值计算结果的比较,发现存在临界的飞机滑跑速度,当飞机滑跑速度处于该临界值时,侧视溅水角度达到最大值。并在数值模拟中给出了不同位置溅水量相对大小的统计方法并指出轮胎翻边对溅水有显著的影响。

Water sprays produced by aircraft tyres running in contaminated runway

The sprays produced by aircraft tyres running in water or snowmelt may affect the running performance and the safety of flights. Therefore, test for the sprays caused by the runway water is an important subject for the flight certification of an aircraft. In this paper, the process of sprays conduction is simulated by finite element software LS-DYNA, in which the water on the runway is simulated by smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. Based on a specific tyre, engineering method is employed to study the water spray response, then numerical analysis model is founded. Results of both methods indicate that there is a critical aircraft ground speed, below which the side-spray elevation angle increases, while above which the side-spray elevation angle decreases with the increase of aircraft ground speed. In addition, the way to calculate the amount of water in different positions is given in the numerical method, the result of which also shows that tyre chine has a significant effect on the spray response under some circumstances.