Santini memorial lecture: Space Challenges and Opportunities for Human Benefit |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4804 – 533 Guimarães, Portugal;2. European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, NL – 2200 AG Noordwijk, the Netherlands;1. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States;2. Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-240, Brazil;3. Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States;1. MAPP Centre, Department of Management, Aarhus University, Fugelsangs Allé 4, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark;2. Department of Applied Economics and Marketing, School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom;3. Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom;1. Department of Orthopedic, King Fahad General Hospital, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia;2. Orthopedic surgery and traumatology department, universitary hospital Trousseau of Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-Tours, France |
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| Abstract: | Since the beginning of the Space Age the public was fascinated by the great challenges that needed to be overcome, but also inspired by the potential benefits that might arise from the utilization of space systems. This lecture examines the major technological breakthroughs that were necessary for many of the key space programs to succeed, and postulates the immediate and future benefits to humanity that became evident as a result of these advances. A dozen programs ranging from Sputnik and Apollo to the Global Navigation Satellite System are reviewed in view of the technical challenges in elements such as propulsion, power, structures, computing, guidance and control, spectrum management and payloads. Challenges in the cost of space launch, large structures, debris mitigation, humans in space and commercial promise are discussed and opportunities for improvements in the future are postulated. |
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