基于声震探测技术的靶场炸点坐标测量误差分析

针对靶场试验时需要精确确定弹丸落点（终点）坐标的问题，提出一种声震波联合定位方法，该方法具有监控范围大、不受自然条件影响、能发现未爆弹、性价比高、反应快等特点。该方法按照一定的阵形布设传感器，依据弹丸爆炸时产生的声波（或是未爆弹落地产生的震动波）到达各传感器的时间差，采用TDOA（TimeDifferenceofArrival，到达时间差）方法对弹丸落点坐标进行计算。具体阐述了TDOA方法的定位原理，并给出了整个测量系统的组成，简要叙述了整个测量系统的部署方案；采用GDOP（GeometricalDilutionofPrecision，几何稀释精度因子）方法分析了定位误差的主要影响因素，并对各种影响因素带来的误差量进行了详细分析与计算；最后采用本文设计的测量系统针对大口径火炮弹丸终点坐标的测量在靶场进行了试验，试验结果与理论分析的误差较一致，定位精度满足测量的要求。该方法满足靶场快速测量的要求。

A Seismic-Acoustic Detection Method for Determination of the Coordinates of Projectile Impact Points at Shooting Ranges and Error Analysis

A seismic acoustic detection method for determination of the coordinates of projectile impact points at shooting ranges is proposed and the method has the following characteristics： large-scale surveillance; immunity to natural environment; ability to detect unexploded projectiles; optimal cost-effectiveness; and quick response. Sen sots are deployed according to a designed formation and coordinates of projectile impact points are determined with TDOA （Time Difference Of Arrival） method using projectile explosion sound arrival time difference at each sensor. The principle of TDOA positioning method is introduced and composition of the system is provided together with a deployment solution. The main factors of influence on positioning errors are analyzed with GDOP （Geometrical Dilu- tion Of Precision） method, and the magnitudes of errors caused by various factors are analyzed and calculated in de- tail. Finally, a measurement system of the proposed design is used to measure the coordinates of the impact points of large caliber artillery projectiles in range tests. The results show that the errors are consistent with theoretical anal- ysis and the positioning accuracy meets requirements. The objective of fast measurement at test ranges is fulfilled in terms of the full process of testing.